HEXACO
Six factors, including the one the Big Five cannot see.
- Questions
- 36
- 5 min
- Six-factor model (Ashton & Lee)
What this is
The six-factor structure is Ashton and Lee's and is public; the HEXACO-PI-R's own items are theirs and are not reproduced here. These are original items written against the published factor definitions, scored independently on 1–100.
Where it comes from
written down, not impliedSix-factor model (Ashton & Lee)
The HEXACO model, from Ashton and Lee in the 2000s, adds a sixth factor, honesty–humility, to the five of the Big Five. The HEXACO-PI-R's own items are not used.
Written for this app
- Reliability
- not measured
- Factor structure
- not measured
- Validity
- not measured
Further reading
- Ashton, M. C., Lee, K., Perugini, M., Szarota, P., de Vries, R. E., Di Blas, L., Boies, K., & De Raad, B. (2004). A six-factor structure of personality-descriptive adjectives: Solutions from psycholexical studies in seven languages (opens in a new tab). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86(2), 356–366original source
- Ashton, M. C., & Lee, K. (2007). Empirical, theoretical, and practical advantages of the HEXACO model of personality structure (opens in a new tab). Personality and Social Psychology Review, 11(2), 150–166review
Read the result as a structured version of what you said, not as a measurement of you.
Why these questions carry no evidence
Every questionnaire in this app writes its own items, because the framework behind an instrument is usually public while the published questionnaire is copyrighted. That is the honest way to build it and it has a cost worth stating plainly: reliability and validity belong to a specific set of questions given to a specific group of people, not to the name of the idea behind them. These questions have never been given to a sample, have no norms, and have no evidence that they measure what they are named after.